Brief history of western alphabet list to talk about

History of the western alphabet
Where does our alphabet originated from?
What are the ancestral forms of out alphabet and how long ago can out alphabet be tracked back?
How has it developed over the centuries?
How have specific letters developed over the centuries, as as the letter ‘A’
Use the links on study space. Start roughly putting evidence together as notes with images.

• Origins of Western Alphabet

• Ancient Middle East 3000 years ago

• Phoenician alphabet - Ancestor of Western, Hebrew, Arabic letterforms

• Ancient Greece 2200 years ago

• text is read left to right

• Ancient Rome 1800 years ago

• Carved in stone capitals similar to today

• Non capitals originate as letterforms written in ink

• Phoenicians – Syria 1050 BC

• Ancient Greece – 2200 years ago

    Rome 120 AD

• Irish Hand written Bible 750 AD

Invention of the printing press

enables mass production

Gutenberg Bible, Germany – 1470

‘Letter press’ – print on paper from a raised ink surface

• Gutenberg Bible
First printed book 1470

Gutenberg extract 1470

• England 1560
Power of the Printed Word

• Printing press used for propaganda purposes

• Government controlled Sermons for reformed Protestant religion printed out and distributed nationwide from a printing press in the Tower of London.

• Modern Numbers
introduced to Europe around 1400 from Islamic world
(Arab numbers originated from earlier Hindi forms)

• 1470-1930 Development of different Typeface styles in Europe for Print industry

Garamond 1540

(Created for the King of France)

Baskerville 1757

(Birmingham England)

Times New Roman 1930

(For ‘The Times’ newspaper, London)

• Early 20^th century newspaper metal typeset – same basic print technology as Gutenberg Bible

   Early 20^thCentury Newspaper Typeset

1970s -Photosetting

1985 –Digital type

1990s –Web Design

Frank Gehry

-Born in Toronto

-Moved to Los Angeles with family in 1947.

-Became us citizen

-First architecture course on a hunch

-First he found himself lack of skill as a draftsman.

-He won scholarships to the University of Southern California.

-Graduated in 1954-degree in architecture.

-Gehry went to work full time for the notable Los Angeles firm

-He was the student of victor gruen .

-He had to go and do military service. 1 Year in United States army.

-He then entered the Harvard graduate school of design (studied city planning) he did not finish his course and went back to Los Angeles.

-Joined Pereira and Luckman firm before returning to Victor Gruen firm again.

-In 1962, he established his own firm. Known as Gehry Partners, LLP

-He worked in the established international style. Years after he began to look for an opportunity to express a more personal vision in his work.

-He designed and built some furniture using corrugated cardboard stacked together.he line of furniture is called Easy edges.

-He built imaginative houses for a number of artist friends eg Ruscha in the 1970s

-His larger works were conventional buildings such as the rouse company headquarters in Columbia, Maryland, and the Santa Monica place shopping mall.

-He rebuilt his own home. He called “A dumb little house with charm” it is a new style of domestic building. He showed his house around.

-He took common, unlovely elements of American home building, such as chain link fencing, corrugated aluminium and unfinished plywood, and used them as flamboyant expressive elements, while stripping the interior walls of the house to reveal the structural elements.

my oppinion:

His designs are fascinating. The materials he uses for his machetes are all recyclable materials. One of his techniques that he uses is stacking and repetition. This is a great technique to use when you are designing a household item or a striking building. One of my favourite pieces that he designed was the chair that had a side view looking like the river nile.The repetition and the stacking of the material he uses makes the chair extremely strong and compacted. The object would stay no matter what the shape is.what i would say is although his designs are not truely ergonimic,the use of materials and shape made the objects stand out and be special.

 

EVALUATION

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation

This mural is about “My Self” it should contain the things that represent me. I looked at Richard Hamilton’s work. He made pop art collages. The images were all in one room. Personally I adore vintage furniture, so I cut out a vintage wooden room from the magazine. I then added objects that represent me e.g. light bulbs, painted nails, motor bike, flowers, jewelry, model and also a dog. The images are all taken out from magazines. I made 2 collages, which I combined them both to make the final collage design. I then searched up an artist called Michael Craig Martin (Contemporary conceptual artist).the main technique that he used was with bright colours and no tones, which it gave me an idea on the collage.

I decided to use the colour wheel to help me decide where to put warm and cool colour.i do not want the colours to be realistic as in I don’t want the Sofa to be the boring old brown colour,I want it to be exaggerated. This is because I am an optimist like things to be all colourful and happy.

I also blended some objects to give a sense of perspective e.g. human’s skin or the tunnel.

The font design that I made was based on Si Scott. I made the font to be quite cursive, because personally cursive fonts represents the flow of water like the flow of love. I was going to make the font in red because it would create a contrast, but when I learnt about Kara walker I decided to make it black and white (negative + positive points).I also extended the ascenders and descenders or else it would look too small for the mural.

Techniques

I do not blend the paint by brush I usually use my middle or the index finger to blend the paint, this is because when I blend paint with brush I cannot feel the paint directly and when I blend it’s a habit that I have got to feel the paint and the movements as I blend.

 I also use sponges to blend or to spread large surfaces. The sponge usually gives a rough effect.

I also outline some of the images by black permanent pen/paint. I did not outline every image because some of the image should not look flat or in one dimension.

As I said earlier that the technique I use to pick the colours is based on the colour wheel and my personality. As u can see; the colours are mostly cool and soft e.g. sky blue, soft lilac, cream, turquoise etc.

The paint I used was mostly poster colour. This is because if for some reason I dropped paint on the mural I could wait for it to dry, dip some water and rub it in circles and the unwanted paint would disappear. I mixed all the colours. It was not squeezed out straight from the tube. This would make your work stand out if it was being presented with other people’s work.

For the composition, the focal point should be the women with black glasses. This is because I want to look at it and make me look at the work in circles instead of out of the board. To make the women with glasses to be the focal point she must be somewhere near the middle, dominant colours or something near her should make her stand out. This concludes to why I put the tunnel there.

 

What would I do differently?

I would definitely blend the paint more between my board and my partner’s board. The thing is; it is really hard to decide how to blend or what colour to blend together because my colours are really bright, but my partner’s colours are dark (‘forest like’), but board actually shows that people could have a dark side and a good side.

What I like about this?

I am happy of the outcome because it doesn’t look too crowded or deserted. It looks like everything is joined together. The most important thing is that it actually represents me. It represents the happy me.

 

What I dislike about this?

I don’t really like the fact that the lady was being covered, because all the good details are covered up. If I would change anything it would be the lady and also the font (my name) should be a little bigger to should it out that THIS IS ME.

 

 

Richard Hamilton

Richard Hamilton is a painter and a collage artist.He was born on the 24th of February 1922.He studied at The Royal Academy Schools for 2 years. In 1946 he returned to The Royal Academy Schools but was shortly expelled for not benefiting from his painting studies.He was married twice, but the 2nd marriage he married his student, Rita Donagh.

Richard produced a collage at the White chapel gallery in 1956.The collage was called; “Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?".

Which the collage that he did inspired me to make a collage about me.i love fashion and I am a lady so my collage would have a few ladies in there. I also put light bulbs underneath the women. This is because light bulbs represent fame (star) like being a singer, which now a days everyone wants to be a star.

 Hamilton belonged to, The Member of the Independent Group which associate with pop art (in Britain).In 1996 he left full time teaching. He passed away in 13 September 2011.  

My Oppinion:

The collages he made represent the theme and the feel he is trying to connect to the audience. Mood boards and collages that I made for my fashion project helped me with my theme and ideas for my final garment. The items on his colleges are placed in a specific way. They are not random. The background he uses, the materials he chooses to bring out the mood.

WRITTEN BY NINA JONES